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With German voters clearly demanding comprehensive change, the far right has been capitalizing on the public's discontent and benefiting from broader global political trends. If the country's democratic parties cannot deliver, they may soon find that they are no longer the mainstream.
explains why the outcome may decide whether the political “firewall” against the far right can hold.
The Russian and (now) American vision of "peace" in Ukraine would be no peace at all. The immediate task for Europe is not only to navigate Donald’s Trump unilateral pursuit of a settlement, but also to ensure that any deal does not increase the likelihood of an even wider war.
sees a Korea-style armistice with security guarantees as the only viable option in Ukraine.
Rather than engage in lengthy discussions to pry concessions from Russia, US President Donald Trump seems committed to giving the Kremlin whatever it wants to end the Ukraine war. But rewarding the aggressor and punishing the victim would amount to setting the stage for the next war.
warns that by punishing the victim, the US is setting up Europe for another war.
Within his first month back in the White House, Donald Trump has upended US foreign policy and launched an all-out assault on the country’s constitutional order. With US institutions bowing or buckling as the administration takes executive power to unprecedented extremes, the establishment of an authoritarian regime cannot be ruled out.
The rapid advance of AI might create the illusion that we have created a form of algorithmic intelligence capable of understanding us as deeply as we understand one another. But these systems will always lack the essential qualities of human intelligence.
explains why even cutting-edge innovations are not immune to the world’s inherent unpredictability.
波士顿——
生物多样性是生态系统——不管是森林,还是流水、珊瑚礁、土壤以至大气——的基石。没有它,地球上的生命就无法持续。生物多样性的快速消失将对社会造成多种伤害。其中有一种伤害经常被忽视,那就是对医学形成的冲击。
几千年来,行医者都从自然中获得治疗药物:阿司匹林来自柳树,最近的抗癌新药紫杉醇TM则来自太平洋紫杉皮。类似的医学突破还将层出不穷。但只有在大自然依旧丰饶的基础上,当代和未来研究者才能做出造福患者的新发现。
以北极熊为例。在气候变化的冲击下,这一物种已经濒临灭绝。这种哺乳动物每年的冬眠时间长达7个月,在此期间几乎一动不动。如果是一个人的话,如此长时间缺乏运动会使骨骼质量下降三分之一以上。
令人惊奇的是,冬眠中的熊会长出新骨骼。熊体内会分泌一种物质,抑制骨骼分解细胞,激活骨骼和软骨生长细胞。通过研究野生北极熊的冬眠,我们也许能够找到防止数百万髋骨骨折病人发生骨质疏松。光是在美国,该症状每年就要耗费180亿美元、造成70 000人死亡。
冬眠中的熊能够在7个多月的时间内不排泄而生存下来,如果人类失去排泄功能的话,体内毒素的堆积在数日之内就能致人死命。如果能够揭开熊体内的这一奥秘,全世界150万肾功能衰竭患者就有了治愈的希望。
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北极熊为了准备冬眠需要在体内堆积大量脂肪,但从来不会得糖尿病。这可以为治疗与肥胖密切相关的II型糖尿病提供线索。该病在全世界有1 900万患者,在很多国家,患病人数比例已经到达传染病标准。
冬眠的北极熊只是一个例子。树蛙可以在冰点以下存货很长时间而不会出现细胞损坏。这其中可能就包含着解决待移植稀缺脏器保存问题的方法。
南美箭蛙毒素,比如从巴拿马毒蛙身上提取的毒素,可以用于制造加强心脏起搏的药物,对心脏病的治疗具有非常重要的作用。700种生活于珊瑚礁丛中的鸡心螺可以制造140 000种不同毒素,其中很大一部分可以入药。但人们有所研究的大约只有约100种。
其中一种毒素被用于一种叫做PrialtÔ的止痛药中,效果比吗啡好1 000倍,而且不会上瘾。临床实验表明,这种药物可以大大减轻晚期癌症和艾滋病患者的痛苦。
生物多样性的缺失已经大大束缚了医学研究。澳大利亚出产的溪蟾属胃育蛙,母蛙在自己的胃中孵出小娃。换成其他脊椎动物,蛙卵早已被胃中的酸和酶消化掉了。胃育蛙对于研究防止和治疗消化性溃疡有重要意义,但研究已经难以为继:仅有的两种溪蟾均已灭绝。
2010年是联合国国际生物多样化年,各国政府将致力于大幅降低世界丰富的物种——动物、植物和其他生物——消失的速度。但实际正好相反,生物多样性消失的速度正在加快,我们正在大步走向科学家所谓的“第六波灭绝潮。”
各国政府还有一次做出扭转这一趋势承诺的机会:9月在纽约举行的第65界联合国大会及随后在名古屋举行的生物多样性会议。
我们需要让今年成为环境恶化修复元年,找出一种更为明智的自然世界管理方法。这不但能够极大增加我们的财富,而且可以改善人类在21世纪的健康状况。