

Fifteen years after the collapse of the US investment bank Lehman Brothers triggered a devastating global financial crisis, the banking system is in trouble again. Central bankers and financial regulators each seem to bear some of the blame for the recent tumult, but there is significant disagreement over how much – and what, if anything, can be done to avoid a deeper crisis.
坎布里奇—英国政府不久前发表升级白皮书是一次重大事件。这并不是因为该白皮书“升级”英国最贫困地区的大胆承诺可能会转移围绕鲍里斯·约翰逊首相持续政治危机的注意力。白皮书也绝非因为将纠正历史不平等作为约翰逊政府的核心政策目标而尤为引人注意。恰恰相反,这份332页文件重要的原因在于它对问题本身的分析。
正如白皮书所指出的那样,自20世纪20年代以来,历届英国政府都出台了政策,解决地区不平等问题。随后爆发的经济萧条加速了19世纪英格兰北部、苏格兰和威尔士工业城市的衰落,严重分化了生活在英国不同地区民众的命运。
尽管白皮书将英国长达一个世纪之久的区域政策划分为6个简洁的阶段,但之前几届政府已经进行了许多尝试来解决地理方面的差异。事实上,尝试的次数已经过多,但其特点是政策倒退频繁、缺乏协调和不吸取经验教训。
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