Rather than reducing concentrated market power through “disruption” or “creative destruction,” technological innovation historically has only added to the problem, by awarding monopolies to just one or a few dominant firms. And market forces offer no remedy to the problem; only public policy can provide that.
shows that technological change leads not to disruption, but to deeper, more enduring forms of market power.
The passing of America’s preeminent foreign-policy thinker and practitioner marks the end of an era. Throughout his long and extraordinarily influential career, Henry Kissinger built a legacy that Americans would be wise to heed in this new era of great-power politics and global disarray.
reviews the life and career of America’s preeminent foreign-policy scholar-practitioner.
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剑桥—新冠大流行改变了人们对公共卫生、财政政策和国家在经济中的作用的态度。对于提高开发和生产药物中的供应链韧性和战略自主权的要求催生了“生命科学主权”的概念。
例如,法国总统埃马克龙宣布了一项雄心勃勃的计划,要求法国到 2030 年至少生产 20 种新的生物疗法。在法国公共投资银行的资助下,法国政府的 法国医疗倡议旨在支持国内生物技术生态系统,让法国成为“先锋mRNA 国家”。同样,许多其他国家的政府——从荷兰到英国——正在加倍发展其国内生物技术部门。
这种关注是受欢迎的,但这是否足够?新冠经验表明,要获得少数疫苗和疗法的批准,需要对现有和新化合物进行数百次临床试验——其中许多以失败告终。医疗创新是昂贵的,与之相关的成本和风险往往会被政策制定者和普通公民所误解。
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