Despite the dire predictions that have accompanied the decline of global governance, less international cooperation does not necessarily mean disaster. In fact, national governments can prioritize domestic prosperity and social cohesion over multilateralism without harming the global economy.
explains how countries can help the global economy by pursuing their own economic-policy agendas.
Although Russia's war in Ukraine has galvanized Polish society and elevated the country's status internationally, it is also obscuring some deeply troubling domestic political developments. Whether liberal democracy will prevail over reactionary authoritarianism in Poland is now an open question.
about recent domestic and geopolitical developments that will shape the country's future.
发自伦敦——通货膨胀的卷土重来终结了宽松货币政策时代。美国联邦储备委员会、欧洲中央银行和其他机构正计划缩减其资产负债表,而整个过程很可能极其缓慢。同时这项繁重的工作将以老式的手法完成:提高短期利率以控制总需求。但政策制定者应留心不要操之过急。
最近这次货币紧缩周期一直是高度同步的。虽然美联储、欧洲央行和英国央行并未同时开始加息,但它们自9月以来都提升了200个基点,也使用了近似的强硬措辞来确认自身对控制物价上涨的承诺。
这种统一性令人费解,因为推动各经济体通胀的动力差异极大。以全球能源价格暴涨为例,对欧洲各能源净进口国来说该趋势意味着一场负面贸易条件冲击——进口价格增长超过了出口价格增长。这会产生直接通胀效应,还会随时间推移侵蚀实际收入和抑制总需求。在贸易条件影响下,法国财政部估计2022年底的实际收入损失——与新冠疫情前水平相比——相当于GDP的3%。
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