Following the latest G20 summit, the G7 should be thinking seriously about deepening its own ties with more non-aligned countries. If the Ukraine war drags on, and if China continues to threaten to take Taiwan by force, the G20 will be split between friends of the BRICS and friends of the G7.
sees the grouping as increasingly divided between friends of the G7 and friends of China and Russia.
To prevent catastrophic climate change and accelerate the global transition to a net-zero economy, policymakers and asset owners urgently need to rethink how we channel capital at scale. The key is to develop new financial instruments that are profitable, liquid, and easily accessible to savers and investors globally.
explain what it will take to channel private capital and savings toward sustainable development.
发自弗吉尼亚州亚历山德里亚市——在2017年的一次演讲中,时任旧金山联邦储备银行行长约翰·威廉姆斯(John Williams)曾经警告人们:“金融危机后一切都会回复常态,只不过这种常态可能会跟你以往看到和感受到的有点不一样。”后来转任纽约联邦联储银行主席的威廉姆斯最近又发表讲话,将婴儿潮一代的退休,生育率下降和生产率增长下降归为美国增长趋势下降的成因。
劳动力不足和生产率增长疲软是导致经济放缓的经典因素。但就美国而言,我们还要考虑债务所带来的那些众所周知的负面影响。正如城市-布鲁金斯税收政策研究中心的其中一位创始人威廉·盖尔(William Gale)在其最新著作《财政疗法》中指出的那样,多项研究表明“较高的债务水平会减少经济增长的份额,而且这些份额是具备经济显著性的。”随着美联储为免国会批准的巨额赤字增长推高利率并瘫痪经济而越发频繁地通过量化宽松,回购和票据购买来干预政府债务市场,美国债务问题的严重性也正在日益凸显。。
同样,知名对冲基金经理雷·达里奥(Ray Dalio)在他的《应对大型债务危机的几项原则》一书中也描述了长期以来央行在政府债券发行超过市场需求时的所作所为。他认为当前的美联储所处的环境与1940年代初非常相似——当时该机构的任务是为打赢二战所需的政府赤字提供融资。而正如美国的当前财政政策那样,战争赤字是一项政治决定。为了协助国家赢得战争,美联储不得不放弃自身独立地位,将隔夜利率设定为零,将十年期国债利率设定为2%,还将财政部发行的所有战争债券全盘包下。最后达里奥将这类手段定名为第三种货币政策形态(Monetary Policy 3)。
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