Rather than reducing concentrated market power through “disruption” or “creative destruction,” technological innovation historically has only added to the problem, by awarding monopolies to just one or a few dominant firms. And market forces offer no remedy to the problem; only public policy can provide that.
shows that technological change leads not to disruption, but to deeper, more enduring forms of market power.
The passing of America’s preeminent foreign-policy thinker and practitioner marks the end of an era. Throughout his long and extraordinarily influential career, Henry Kissinger built a legacy that Americans would be wise to heed in this new era of great-power politics and global disarray.
reviews the life and career of America’s preeminent foreign-policy scholar-practitioner.
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伦敦—— 人工智能领域的各种先驱几乎每周都会对其引入世界的这项技术提出严重的警告。数月前,当我与某些人工智能专家共进晚餐时,就很早感受到了这种新兴的悲观共识。这些人工智能专家认为数百万相对复杂、高薪的工作可能会遭到威胁。我离开时不由自问,这种暗淡的前景是否真的合理。
我当然有自己的疑虑。自20世纪80年代我开启职业生涯(甚至更长时间)以来,技术进步一再被视为对汽车制造等关键行业工作的主要威胁。但在英国脱欧灾难爆发前,因为新型精密技术在促进领先制造商核心业务方面所发挥的作用,英国的汽车产量甚至远超汽车行业所谓的鼎盛时期。日产目前在英国北部港口城市桑德兰经营着全世界产量最高的汽车工厂之一。
同样,尽管德国汽车工人的名义薪酬相对较高,但该国的汽车制造企业数十年来却一直在不断适应并取得了蓬勃发展。他们在全球范围内展开竞争,并为满足全球中产阶级对高质量性能汽车日益增长的需求作出了贡献。诚然,随着全球朝向电动汽车的转型,德国汽车企业正面临着迄今为止最大的挑战,同时,中国经济放缓意味着短期内增长疲软。但从过去的经验看,汽车行业将会调整适应,并在未来取得更强势的发展。
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